Online courses directory (237)

Differential equations are, in addition to a topic of study in mathematics, the main language in which the laws and phenomena of science are expressed.  In basic terms, a differential equation is an expression that describes how a system changes from one moment of time to another, or from one point in space to another.  When working with differential equations, the ultimate goal is to move from a microscopic view of relevant physics to a macroscopic view of the behavior of a system as a whole. Let’s look at a simple differential equation.  Based on previous math and physics courses, you know that a car that is constantly accelerating in the x-direction obeys the equation d2x/dt2 = a, where a is the applied acceleration.  This equation has two derivations with respect to time, so it is a second-order differential equation; because it has derivations with respect to only one variable (in this example, time), it is known as an  ordinary differential equation, or an ODE. Let’s say that we want to sol…

Partial differential equations (PDEs) describe the relationships among the derivatives of an unknown function with respect to different independent variables, such as time and position. For example, the heat equation can be used to describe the change in heat distribution along a metal rod over time. PDEs arise as part of the mathematical modeling of problems connected to different branches of science, such as physics, biology, and chemistry. In these fields, experiment and observation provide information about the connections between rates of change of an important quantity, such as heat, with respect to different variables. These connections must be exploited to find an explicit way of calculating the unknown quantity, given the values of the independent variables  that is, to derive certain laws of nature. While we do not know why partial differential equations provide what has been termed the “unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences” (the title of a 1960 paper by physicist…

The study of “abstract algebra” grew out of an interest in knowing how attributes of sets of mathematical objects behave when one or more properties we associate with real numbers are restricted.  For example, we are familiar with the notion that real numbers are closed under multiplication and division (that is, if we add or multiply a real number, we get a real number).  But if we divide one integer by another integer, we may not get an integer as a resultmeaning that integers are not closed under division.  We also know that if we take any two integers and multiply them in either order, we get the same resulta principle known as the commutative principle of multiplication for integers.  By contrast, matrix multiplication is not generally commutative.  Students of abstract algebra are interested in these sorts of properties, as they want to determine which properties hold true for any set of mathematical objects under certain operations and which types of structures result when we perform certain o…

This course is a continuation of Abstract Algebra I: we will revisit structures like groups, rings, and fields as well as mappings like homomorphisms and isomorphisms.  We will also take a look at ring factorization, which will lead us to a discussion of the solutions of polynomials over abstracted structures instead of numbers sets.  We will end the section on rings with a discussion of general lattices, which have both set and logical properties, and a special type of lattice known as Boolean algebra, which plays an important role in probability.  We will also visit an important topic in mathematics that you have likely encountered already: vector spaces.  Vector spaces are central to the study of linear algebra, but because they are extended groups, group theory and geometric methods can be used to study them. Later in this course, we will take a look at more advanced topics and consider several useful theorems and counting methods.  We will end the course by studying Galois theoryone of the most im…

This course is designed to introduce you to the rigorous examination of the real number system and the foundations of calculus of functions of a single real variable. Analysis lies at the heart of the trinity of higher mathematics algebra, analysis, and topology because it is where the other two fields meet. In calculus, you learned to find limits, and you used these limits to give a rigorous justification for ideas of rate of change and areas under curves. Many of the results that you learned or derived were intuitive in many cases you could draw a picture of the situation and immediately “see” whether or not the result was true. This intuition, however, can sometimes be misleading. In the first place, your ability to find limits of real-valued functions on the real line was based on certain properties of the underlying field on which undergraduate calculus is founded: the real numbers. Things may have become slightly more complicated when you began to work in other spaces. For instance, you may r…

Real Analysis II is the sequel to Saylor’s Real Analysis I, and together these two courses constitute the foundations of real analysis in mathematics. In this course, you will build on key concepts presented in Real Analysis I, particularly the study of the real number system and real-valued functions defined on all or part (usually intervals) of the real number line. The main objective of MA241 [1] was to introduce you to the concept and theory of differential and integral calculus as well as the mathematical analysis techniques that allow us to understand and solve various problems at the heart of sciencenamely, questions in the fields of physics, economics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. In this course, you will build on these techniques with the goal of applying them to the solution of more complex mathematical problems. As long as a problem can be modeled as a functional relation between two quantities, each of which can be expressed as a set of real numbers, the techniques used for real-value…

This course is an introduction to complex analysis, or the theory of the analytic functions of a complex variable.  Put differently, complex analysis is the theory of the differentiation and integration of functions that depend on one complex variable.  Such functions, beautiful on their own, are immediately useful in Physics, Engineering, and Signal Processing.  Because of the algebraic properties of the complex numbers and the inherently geometric flavor of complex analysis, this course will feel quite different from Real Analysis, although many of the same concepts, such as open sets, metrics, and limits will reappear.  Simply put, you will be working with lines and sets and very specific functions on the complex planedrawing pictures of them and teasing out all of their idiosyncrasies.  You will again find yourself calculating line integrals, just as in multivariable calculus.  However, the techniques you learn in this course will help you get past many of the seeming dead-ends you ran up against in…

This course will introduce you to a number of statistical tools and techniques that are routinely used by modern statisticians for a wide variety of applications. First, we will review basic knowledge and skills that you learned in MA121: Introduction to Statistics [1]. Units 2-5 will introduce you to new ways to design experiments and to test hypotheses, including multiple and nonlinear regression and nonparametric statistics. You will learn to apply these methods to building models to analyze complex, multivariate problems. You will also learn to write scripts to carry out these analyses in R, a powerful statistical programming language. The last unit is designed to give you a grand tour of several advanced topics in applied statistics. [1] http://www.saylor.org/courses/ma121/…

This course will introduce you to the fundamentals of probability theory and random processes. The theory of probability was originally developed in the 17th century by two great French mathematicians, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, to understand gambling. Today, the theory of probability has found many applications in science and engineering. Engineers use data from manufacturing processes to sample characteristics of product quality in order to improve the products being produced. Pharmaceutical companies perform experiments to determine the effect of a drug on humans and use the results to make decisions about treatment of illnesses, while economists observe the state of the economy over periods of time and use the information to forecast the economic future. In this course, you will learn the basic terminology and concepts of probability theory, including random experiments, sample spaces, discrete distribution, probability density function, expected values, and conditional probability. You will al…

This course is designed to provide you with a simple and straightforward introduction to econometrics.  Econometrics is an application of statistical procedures to the testing of hypotheses about economic relationships and to the estimation of parameters.  Regression analysis is the primary procedure commonly used by researchers and managers whether their employments are within the goods or the resources market and/or within the agriculture, the manufacturing, the services, or the information sectors of an economy. Completion of this course in econometrics will help you progress from a student of economics to a practitioner of economics.  By completing this course, you will gain an overview of econometrics, develop your ability to think like an economist, hone your skills building and testing models of consumer and producer behavior, and synthesize the results you find through analyses of data pertaining to market-based economic systems.  In essence, professional economists conduct studies that combine…

This course will introduce students to the field of computer science and the fundamentals of computer programming.  It has been specifically designed for students with no prior programming experience, and does not require a background in Computer Science.  This course will touch upon a variety of fundamental topics within the field of Computer Science and will use Java, a high-level, portable, and well-constructed computer programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, to demonstrate those principles.  We will begin with an overview of the topics we will cover this semester and a brief history of software development.  We will then learn about Object-Oriented programming, the paradigm in which Java was constructed, before discussing Java, its fundamentals, relational operators, control statements, and Java I/0.  The course will conclude with an introduction to algorithmic design.  By the end of the course, you should have a strong understanding of the fundamentals of Computer Science and the Java p…

This course is a continuation of the first-semester course titled Introduction to Computer Science I (CS101 [1]).  It will introduce you to a number of more advanced Computer Science topics, laying a strong foundation for future academic study in the discipline.  We will begin with a comparison between Javathe programming language utilized last semesterand C++, another popular, industry-standard programming language.  We will then discuss the fundamental building blocks of Object-Oriented Programming, reviewing what we learned last semester and familiarizing ourselves with some more advanced programming concepts.  The remaining course units will be devoted to various advanced Computer Science topics, including the Standard Template Library, Exceptions, Recursion, Searching and Sorting, and Template Classes.  By the end of the class, you will have a solid understanding of Java and C++ programming, as well as a familiarity with the major issues that programmers routinely address in a professional setting.

Math 101: College Algebra is designed to be used to prepare you to earn real college credit by passing the College Algebra CLEP Exam . This course covers topics that are included on the exam, including linear equations, functions, graphing, matrices and more. Use it to help you learn what you need to know about algebra topics so you can succeed on the exam.

The algebra instructors are experienced and knowledgeable educators who have put together comprehensive video lessons in categories ranging from absolute value problems to exponentials to the classification of numbers. Each category is broken down into smaller chapters that will cover topics more in-depth. These video lessons make learning fun and interesting. You get the aid of self-graded quizzes and practice tests to allow you to gauge how much you have learned.

Prepare for the College Mathematics CLEP Exam through Education Portal's brief video lessons on mathematics. This course covers topics ranging from real number systems to probability and statistics. You'll learn to use the midpoint and distance formulas, graph inequalities and multiply binomials. You'll also explore the properties of various shapes and learn to determine their area and perimeter. Our lessons are taught by professional educators with experience in mathematics. In addition to designing the videos in this course, these educators have developed written transcripts and self-assessment quizzes to round out your learning experience.

Prepare for the College Mathematics CLEP Exam through Education Portal's brief video lessons on mathematics. This course covers topics ranging from real number systems to probability and statistics. You'll learn to use the midpoint and distance formulas, graph inequalities and multiply binomials. You'll also explore the properties of various shapes and learn to determine their area and perimeter. Our lessons are taught by professional educators with experience in mathematics. In addition to designing the videos in this course, these educators have developed written transcripts and self-assessment quizzes to round out your learning experience.

Prepare for the College Mathematics CLEP Exam through Education Portal's brief video lessons on mathematics. This course covers topics ranging from real number systems to probability and statistics. You'll learn to use the midpoint and distance formulas, graph inequalities and multiply binomials. You'll also explore the properties of various shapes and learn to determine their area and perimeter. Our lessons are taught by professional educators with experience in mathematics. In addition to designing the videos in this course, these educators have developed written transcripts and self-assessment quizzes to round out your learning experience.

This course is designed for students who will be starting or restarting college within the next year, and for current students who have not completed their general education math requirement. It will provide math refresher materials covering a wide range of mathematical concepts together with information about success in college. Incoming college students are typically placed in college math courses based on placement exam scores. Students often take these placement exams with minimal preparation or after a long break since their last math class. The study materials in the course will help students prepare for placement exams, and higher scores mean fewer required math courses in college. Students who have already taken a placement exam (such as the ACT) can also use these materials to study and then retest, hopefully scoring higher. College students who have started, but not finished their math courses, can also retake a placement exam and possibly skip a math class. The course will also be valuable for anyone who just wants to refresh their math skills. The provided study materials are individualized based on a student’s current knowledge. Each student will be provided a customized learning path that maximizes efficiency so that study time is spent where it’s needed most. Beyond math content, the course will also provide college success material such as test-taking strategies, new student orientation, and study techniques. All of this material can be accessed separately from the math content so even if a student is already placed highly in math, or has tested out of it completely, the course will provide valuable information to help the student orient to college and to get the most out of the college experience.

The second part of our intermediate math course continues our free online maths suite of courses. It covers binomial, normal and hypergeometric distribution, discrete random variables, and integration. This course is ideal for students preparing for an exam, or for those wanting to refresh their knowledge of mathematics.

2003 AIME II Problem 1. 2003 AIME II Problem 3. Sum of factors of 27000. Sum of factors 2. 2003 AIME II Problem 4 (part 1). 2003 AIME II Problem 4 (part 2). 2003 AIME II Problem 5. 2003 AIME II Problem 5 Minor Correction. Area Circumradius Formula Proof. 2003 AIME II Problem 6. 2003 AIME II Problem 7. 2003 AIME II Problem 8. Sum of Polynomial Roots (Proof). Sum of Squares of Polynomial Roots. 2003 AIME II Problem 9. 2003 AIME II Problem 10. 2003 AIME II Problem 11. 2003 AIME II Problem 12. 2003 AIME II Problem 13. 2003 AIME II Problem 14. 2003 AIME II Problem 15 (part 1). 2003 AIME II Problem 15 (part 2). 2003 AIME II Problem 15 (part 3). 2003 AIME II Problem 1. 2003 AIME II Problem 3. Sum of factors of 27000. Sum of factors 2. 2003 AIME II Problem 4 (part 1). 2003 AIME II Problem 4 (part 2). 2003 AIME II Problem 5. 2003 AIME II Problem 5 Minor Correction. Area Circumradius Formula Proof. 2003 AIME II Problem 6. 2003 AIME II Problem 7. 2003 AIME II Problem 8. Sum of Polynomial Roots (Proof). Sum of Squares of Polynomial Roots. 2003 AIME II Problem 9. 2003 AIME II Problem 10. 2003 AIME II Problem 11. 2003 AIME II Problem 12. 2003 AIME II Problem 13. 2003 AIME II Problem 14. 2003 AIME II Problem 15 (part 1). 2003 AIME II Problem 15 (part 2). 2003 AIME II Problem 15 (part 3).

The AMC 10 is part of the series of contests administered by the MAA American Mathematics Competitions that determines the United States team in the International Math Olympiad. The AMC 10 is a 25 question, 75 minute multiple choice test for students in 10th grade or below. Two versions of the AMC 10 are offered each year. 2013 AMC 10 A #21 / AMC 12 A #17. 2013 AMC 10 A #22 / AMC 12 A #18. 2013 AMC 10 A #23 / AMC 12 A #19. 2013 AMC 10 A #24. 2013 AMC 10 A #25. 2013 AMC 10 A #21 / AMC 12 A #17. 2013 AMC 10 A #22 / AMC 12 A #18. 2013 AMC 10 A #23 / AMC 12 A #19. 2013 AMC 10 A #24. 2013 AMC 10 A #25.